1 Pound 1958, Nigeria
| in Krause book | Number: 4 |
| Years of issue: | 01.07.1959 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | Governor: Mr. Roy Pentelow Fenton (Served From: 24/7/1958 - Retired 24/7/1963), Director: Mr.Mallam Yakubu Wanka (7/1/1958 - 6/30/1970), Director: Mr. F. O. Awosika ( 7/1/1958 - 6/20/1961), Director: Mr. J. A. Obahor (7/1/1958 - 6/6/1970) |
| Serie: | First Series |
| Specimen of: | 15.09.1958 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 150 х 83 |
| Printer: | Waterlow and Sons Limited, London |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
Head of lion.
Avers:
Niger River and African oil palms along the shore.
Niger river is the third longest river in Africa, only the Nile and Congo rivers are longer. The Niger has one of the most unusual routes of any of the major rivers in the world. It starts approximately 150 miles from the Atlantic Ocean (240 kilometers). Instead of flowing to the nearby Atlantic Ocean it instead heads inland, away from the sea into the Sahara Desert. It turns sharply near the city of Timbuktu and heads to the Gulf of Guinea. Unlike the Nile, the Niger is very clear. This is because its source contains very little silt. The countries of Niger and Nigeria get their names from the river. The river has thirty six families of freshwater fish and nearly 250 species, 20 of which are found nowhere else on Earth but the Niger.
The West African manatee, which faces extinction, lives in the river. These mammals can grow up to fifteen feet long and can weigh nearly eight hundred pounds.
It is hard to imagine the landscape of the Coastal Plain Nigeria without oil palm. This slender tree brings great benefit to man. All palm use - from the bottom to the top, but its most valuable fruit from which the oil palm. Oil palm is widespread in the forest zone and the north - the valleys of the Niger and Benue. But it is most favorable for the area to the east of the lower Niger, where oil palm forms a continuous belt. Near Sapele and Calabar are oil palm plantations belonging to the "United Africa Company." Most of the oil obtained from the fruit of wild trees. Fruiting palm with five-six years of age. It brings two harvests a year. fruit bunches weighing 10-20 kg. and consist of several hundred dark red fruits.
Oil is usually prepared manually. Fruit, peeled nuclei pounded and boiled with water. The supernatant water on the surface of the oil is removed. In this way it is possible to obtain not more than 50% of the oil contained in the fruit. When used hand press, oil yield increased to 65%. However, inaccessible to most Nigerians hand press.
Kernels palm fruit also contain valuable oil. They stored well, so they are easy to transport over long distances: almost the entire harvest of palm kernels exported.
Processing of oil palm fruits is monopolized by "United Africa Company." In the production and export of palm products Nigeria ranks first in the world. It accounts for half of the total number of cores and a third of palm oil supplied to the world market. In 1959, the country produced 470 thousand tonnes of palm oil, and exported 173 thousand tonnes. The export of palm kernels was 437 thousand tonnes.
Most of the palm oil and kernels sent to the United Kingdom and the United States, where they are used in the manufacture of margarine, glycerin, stearin, and so on. The oil is widely used in the economy and life of the indigenous population (for cooking, lighting, production of soap). The article was written in 1962 (1962 Асоян Н.С. - Нигерия .rus)
To the left of African oil Palm is the Banana tree (Musaceae).
The Musaceae are a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. In most treatments, the family has two genera, Musa and Ensete. Cultivated bananas are commercially important members of the family.
Denominations in numerals are in all corners. In words in lower right corner.
Revers:
Nigerians harvesting cocoa beans.
The main export crops Nigeria - oil palm, cocoa and groundnuts. Exports are also cotton, rubber, sesame.
At the end of the XIX century in Nigeria were brought cacao seeds. Soon small cocoa plantations were established in the vicinity of Lagos, Calabar and Benin. However, by the beginning of XX century these plantations were abandoned, as the light sandy soils, common here, the trees grow poorly.
More suitable for cocoa were loamy soils of the western provinces (Ibadan, Abeokuta, Ondo). Due to the fact that these soils hold moisture well, cocoa trees easily withstand the local short dry season. In Eastern Nigeria climatic conditions more suitable for the cultivation of cocoa, but there are common acidic soil that this plant does not like. The three aforementioned provinces are included in the main cocoa belt, which stretches from the border of Dahomey Benin in the west to the east.
Cocoa - the main source of income of the inhabitants of the western part of the country. Over 20% of the population of Western Nigeria directly employed in growing cocoa, not counting the army of intermediaries who buy cocoa and workers serving the transportation of goods to the country's main port of Lagos.
Cocoa is cultivated by peasants on tiny plots, do not exceed 1 hectare. In the more prosperous farms using hired labor,
Cacao trees on the fifth-seventh year of life bring the first fruits in the form of brown pods. They contain 20-40 seeds, or beans, fruits trees up to 20-30 years. The main crop harvested in October - February. Harvested beans piled in heaps and covered with banana leaves. Within a few weeks there is a so-called fermentation process, in which disappears the bitter taste of the fruit. Then the beans are dried in the sun and sorted, and then they are ready to be sent,
Cocoa is very labor-intensive crop. It is a tender plant is exposed to various viral diseases, which often lead to his death. The diseased trees are cut down. Diseases of the cacao tree began to progress with 1944. In 1950, the country was hit by 25 million cocoa trees in the area of 63 thousand. Ha Main focus of disease is to the east of Ibadan. The future of cocoa production is largely dependent on its ability whether to prevent the spread of these diseases in important cocoa production areas around the towns of Ife, Abeokuta, Ijebu. One reason for low yields of cocoa - a considerable age of the plants.
The entire collection of Nigerian cocoa is exported. In 1959, the country had exported about 145 thousand. Tons of beans. In the production and export of cocoa Nigeria ranks third in the world after Ghana and Brazil. It accounts for about one-seventh of the world collection. Cocoa is exported to the United States, Great Britain, Holland, Germany, as well as in the socialist countries. The article was written in 1962 (1962 Асоян Н.С. - Нигерия .rus)
Denominations in numerals are in all corners. In words lower, centered.
Comments:
The pound was the currency of Nigeria between 1907 and 1973. Until 1958, Nigeria used the British West African pound, after which it issued its own currency. The pound was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The Nigerian pound (which was at parity with the British pound with easy convertibility) was replaced with the introduction in 1973 of the decimal naira at a rate of 1 pound = 2 naira. This made Nigeria the last country to abandon the £sd currency system.
In 1918, emergency issues were made by the government in denominations of 1, 10 and 20 shillings. In 1959, the Central Bank of Nigeria introduced notes in denominations of 5 and 10 shillings, 1 and 5 pounds. Three series of notes were issued, in 1958, 1967 and 1968.
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