20 Somoni 2021, Tajikistan
| in Krause book | Number: 25 |
| Years of issue: | 2021 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | President of Tajikistan: Эмомали Раҳмон, Chairman of the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan: Холикзода Хоким Хикматулло |
| Serie: | 2000 Issue |
| Specimen of: | 1999 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 150 x 65 |
| Printer: | Giesecke und Devrient GmbH, Leipzig |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
Avicenna. Please, read obverse description!
Avers:
Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was the preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Muslim Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.
His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, and works of poetry.
Avicenna wrote most of his philosophical and scientific works in Arabic, but also wrote several key works in Persian, while his poetic works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.
Avicenna is a Latin corruption of the Arabic patronym Ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا), meaning "Son of Sina". However, Avicenna was not the son but the great-great-grandson of a man named Sina. His formal Arabic name was Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn bin ʿAbdullāh ibn al-Ḥasan bin ʿAlī bin Sīnā al-Balkhi al-Bukhari (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).
Avicenna created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Byzantine Greco-Roman, Persian and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine.
The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world. There, Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan.
Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that Avicenna debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician). The study of the Quran and the Hadith also thrived, and Islamic philosophy, fiqh and theology (kalaam) were all further developed by Avicenna and his opponents at this time. 
The emblem of the National Bank of Tajikistan is in top right corner.
The emblem of the National Bank of Tajikistan shows three snow-capped ridges - Alai, Zaalaysky Mountains and the Pamirs (same as on the coat of arms).
The State Emblem of Tajikistan is on top, left of center.
It is a modified version of the original emblem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic that was in use until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The crown at the center of the emblem is the same as the Tajik national flag, and refers to the Persian word taj, meaning crown, from which the name of the Tajik people is said to be derived, according to one interpretation. The base of the emblem contains a representation of a book and the Pamir Mountains. The emblem is flanked by cotton on one side and wheat on the other, as well a banner of the national red-white-green colors of Tajikistan is wrapped around the cotton and wheat.
According to M.Revnivtsev, the "crown", depicted in the center of the national flag and coat of arms in the upper part of Tajikistan, includes three stylized fixtures - three sacred inextinguishable fire that are the subject of religious worship in the Zoroastrian temples. A central element of "crown" symbolizes the world mountain Hara, located in the center of the world, and the curved arc of gold at the bottom of the emblem represents "retaliation bridge" Chinvat, where the Day of Judgment Zarathustra will separate the righteous from the wicked soul.
Seven gold five-pointed stars, according M.Revnivtsev, represent one of the basic concepts of Zoroastrianism - the seven good spirits Amesha Spenta - incarnation and inner circle of the supreme god Ahura Mazda (Ormuzd). Located along the arc of a circle of gold stars form Farn - sun shining beginning, the divine fire, its material emanation from analogue halo of Christian saints.
21 sunbeam - repeated three times in the group at 7-rays - represent the three emanations of Ahura Mazda with 7 good spirits Amesha Spenta.
Golden Mountains with silver tops - snow-capped ridges Alai, Zaalaysky Mountains and the Pamirs.
Wheat ears - a symbol of agriculture and settled life, inherited, like the rising sun, the emblem of the Soviet Union.
Although, left of center is the line with Tajik national ornament (pattern).
Centered are the medical bowl and the plant.
Revers:
The Hissar fortress (Taj. Қалъаи Ҳисор) is a historical and cultural monument in the Gissar region of Tajikistan. The Gissar fortress is part of the historical and cultural reserve of Gissar. The word “hisar” (Arabic حصار) from Arabic and the word “kala” (Taj. qala) from Tajik mean “fortress”. This fortress is located 30 kilometers southwest of Dushanbe, is a remnant of the Shumon state, which in the XV-XVII centuries AD was called “Hisori Shodmon”, that is, the Shodmon fortress. The name was shortened and became known as "Hisor". The Gissar fortress is a monument of the Peshdad era; the top of the castle consists of three parts. Its upper part is the residence of the governors, the second part, that is, the lower part, is the camel house, and the main part is the military barracks. The surroundings of the Gissar fortress are surrounded by a high defensive wall, the height of which is 3.5 meters above the level of the top of the fortress, and the width of the wall is 10 meters. It was possible to enter the Gissar fortress only through the gate.
To the right of the fortress are shown two artifacts (pottery?), probably found in the Hissar area.
Above the building is the flag of Tajikistan.
The national flag of Tajikistan (Tajik: Парчами Тоҷикистон / پرچم تاجیکستان) was adopted in November 1992, replacing the flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic of 1953. It is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and green with a width ratio of 2:3:2, charged with a crown surmounted by an arc of seven stars at the center.
The tricolour preserves the choice of colours in the Tajik Soviet flag.
The middle white stripe has one-and-a-half times the width of the red and green stripes. The red represents the unity of the nation; the green represents the fertile valleys, while the white represents both the snow and ice of the mountains and the colour of cotton.
The crown and stars are set in a rectangle taking up 80% of the flag's total width. The crown represents the Tajik people, as the name Tajik is connected with Persian tâj "crown" in popular etymology.
In lower right corner is a text: "БАРОИ ҚАЛБАКӢ СОХТАНИ БИЛЕТҲОИ БОНКИ МИЛЛИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН МУВОФИҚИ ҚОНУН ҶАЗО ДОДА МЕШОВАД".
In English:" Counterfeit banknotes of the National Bank of Tajikistan shall be punished in accordance with the law."
Comments:
The somoni (Tajik: cомонӣ) is the currency of Tajikistan. It is subdivided into 100 diram (Tajik: дирам). The currency is named after the father of the Tajik nation, Ismail Samani (also spelled Ismoil Somoni).
The somoni was introduced on 30 October 2000; it replaced the Tajikistani ruble, at the rate of 1 somoni = 1000 rubles.
The currency is divided into 100 diram for one somoni. Diram banknotes were first introduced on 30 October 2000 to start the currency off and coins were introduced later in 2001 with the intention of creating a more efficient monetary system and gradually replacing the diram notes. This was also the first time circulating coins were introduced in Tajikistan.
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