2000 Kip 2011, Laos
| in Krause book | Number: 41 |
| Years of issue: | 2011 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | no signature |
| Serie: | 2011 & 2020 Issue |
| Specimen of: | 2011 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 142 х 66 |
| Printer: | Гознак, Московская печатная фабрика, филиал ФГУП "Гознак", Москва |
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Description
Watermark:
President Kaysone Phomvihane and detail of Lao pattern.
Avers:
The National Emblem of the Lao People's Democratic Republic shows the national shrine Pha That Luang. A dam is pictured, which is a symbol of power generation at the reservoir Nam Ngum. An asphalt street is also pictured, as well as a stylized watered field.
In the lower part is a section of a gear wheel. The inscription on the left reads "Peace, Independence, Democracy" (Lao script: ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ) and on the right, "Unity and Prosperity" (Lao script: ເອກະພາບ ວັດຖະນາຖາວອນ.)
The coat of arms was changed in August 1991 in relation to the fall of the Soviet Union. The Communist red star and hammer and sickle were replaced with the national shrine at Pha That Luang. 
Kaysone Phomvihane (Lao: ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ; 13 December 1920 – 21 November 1992) was the first leader of the Communist Lao People's Revolutionary Party from 1955 until his death in 1992. After the Communists seized power in the wake of the Laotian Civil War, he was the de facto leader of Laos from 1975 until his death. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic from 1975 to 1991 and then as the second President from 1991 to 1992.
Kaysone was born Nguyễn[citation needed] Cai Song (although he also used the name Nguyễn Trí Mưu for a short period in the 1930s) in Na Seng village, Khanthabouli district, French Indochina (now Kaysone Phomvihane District, Savannakhet Province, Laos). His father, Nguyễn Trí Loan, was Vietnamese and his mother, Nang Dok, was Lao. He had two sisters: Nang Souvanthong, living in Thailand, and Nang Kongmany, who lived in the USA.
He attended law school at University of Indochina in Hanoi alongside fellow future revolutionary Nouhak Phoumsavan, but dropped out to fight the French colonialists in Vietnam. Later, he joined the Pathet Lao movement,
He became an active revolutionary while studying in Hanoi during the 1940s, establishing the Lao People's Liberation Army (LPLA) on 20 January 1949 and becoming the Minister of Defense of the Resistance Government (Neo Lao Issara) from 1950. In 1955, he was instrumental in setting up the LPRP at Xam Neua in the north, and subsequently served as the Pathet Lao leader. For several years, he mostly stayed in the background, with Prince Souphanouvong serving as the Pathet Lao's figurehead. In the years which followed, he led communist forces against the Kingdom of Laos and U.S. forces.
Kaysone came out of the shadows in December 1975, shortly after the Pathet Lao took Vientiane, and seized control of the country. At a National Conference of People's Representatives that opened on December 1, Kaysone declared the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. The following day, on a motion by presiding officer Kaysone, the National Conference accepted King Sisavang Vatthana's abdication, abolished the monarchy, and proclaimed the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Kaysone nominated Souphanouvong as first president, while he was named prime minister, which he held until becoming president in 1991. Along the way, he married Thongvin Phomvihane.
Under Kaysone's watch, the process of demarcating the border between Laos and Vietnam started in 1977 and finished in 2007. According to Western journalists, the border is "very close" to the 1945 French-made border between Laos and Annam.
According to Vatthana Pholsena, assistant professor of Southeast Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore and author of the book "Post-War Laos", Kaysone was "the top policy maker and a strongman in the LPDR". He created Sekong Province to honour the southern minority for their support in the war effort.
Kaysone died in Vientiane on 21 November 1992. After his death, the government of Laos built a museum in his honor, partially funded by Vietnam.
In 2012, his cremated ashes were transferred from their original resting place to the newly built National Cemetery.
Wat Xieng Thong (Lao: ວັດຊຽງທອງ; "Temple of the Golden City") is a Buddhist temple (vat or wat) on the northern tip of the peninsula of Luang Phrabang, Laos. Built between 1559 and 1560 by King Setthathirath, Wat Xieng Thong is one of the most important of Lao monasteries and remains a significant monument to the spirit of religion, royalty and traditional art.
The name Vat Xieng Thong (Lao: ວັດຊຽງທອງ), means "Temple of the Golden City." In Lao, wat, or vat, means Buddhist temple; these buildings are central to the life of Laotian communities.
Wat Xieng Thong was built under the rule of King Setthathirath between 1559 and 1560. Setthathirath oversaw the Lan Xang ("Land of a Million Elephants") kingdom, a geographical area that is now Laos. During his rule, Setthathirath moved the capital from Xieng Thong (which was later renamed Luang Prabang) to Vientiane, claiming dislike for the lack of flat land in Xieng Thong. But, Luang Prabang remained a royal capital until 1975, when the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) was established.
Vat Xieng Thong was a royal temple under the patronage of the royal family (until the creation of the LPDR), created alongside Vat Keo and Vat That Luang. The vat functioned as a place for kings to be crowned, a place of worship for monks and the laity, a shrine to Buddhist relics, a celebration space of religious rites and festivals, a library for ancient scripts, and a showcasing of traditional architecture.
Revers:
Xeset 1 Hydropower Plant is located on the Set River in Saravan Province of southern Lao PDR.
Xeset 1 & 2 projects are only 2 km. apart.
The Xeset 1 Hydropower Plant is a run-of-river style project on the Xeset (river) with a head of 157 meters. The project has limited storage capacity and energy production can vary with the river flow from day to day.
The Xeset 1 power house has five generating units, three with 13 MW capacity each and two units with 3 MW capacity each for a total installed capacity of 45 MW.
Xeset 1 & 2 Hydropower Projects are connected and share the same flow of water in part coming from the diversion of water from Houay Tapuong and other streams. These diversions pass thru the Xeset 2 powerhouse and then the Xeset 1 powerhouse generating electricity twice.
The Xeset 1 intake pond (head pond) is created by a 10 meter high gravity dam weir. From the intake pond to the power house, water is conveyed through underground tunnels, which are partly steel-lined to withstand the high water pressure.
The 45 MW Xeset 1 hydropower project has a small reservoir and low dry-season flow volumes of the Set river have sometimes resulted in low volumes of electricity generation. The Xeset 2 and Xeset 3 dams nearby are being promoted as a means to increase wet season water storage and flow volumes for Xeset 1 downstream of Xeset 2 & 3. Extra water will enter Xeset 1 reservoir from the Xeset 2 project after being diverted from the Tapoung River into the Xeset 2 project.
All 3 Xeset hydropower projects are located within the Xeset watershed drainage basin. (hobomaps.com)
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