1 Angolar 1948. 300th Anniversary of Portuguese Rule in Angola, Angola
| in Krause book | Number: 70 |
| Years of issue: | 06.10.1948 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | O Governador Geral: José Agapito da Silva Carvalho (1947-1951), O Director dos Servicos de Fazenda: Unknown |
| Serie: | Decree No.37.066 of 06.10.1948 |
| Specimen of: | 06.10.1948 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 120 х 70 |
| Printer: | Thomas de la Rue and coy, LTD, Londres |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
Rhombuses pattern.
Avers:
Central motive of obverse - Dutch prisoners loaded onto Portuguese ships in the Harbour of Luanda, after defeat in the Colonial War in Angola. Drawing from a book, issued in 1948, "A dupla restauração de Angola, 1641-1648" by António da Silva Rego.
A little history of Angola:
At the beginning of the VI century BC. e. Bantu tribes came to the territory inhabited by the Bushmen, possessing the skills of metal processing, ceramics production and agriculture.
In the XIII-XVI centuries. part of modern Angola was part of the Kingdom of the Kongo with the capital Mbanza-Kongo. In the XVI-XIX centuries. part of the territory was occupied by the kingdom of Lund. In the north of Angola in the XVI-XVII centuries. was the state of Ndongo.
1482 - discovery of the coast of Angola by the Portuguese expedition of the navigator Diogo Cana.
1576 - The Portuguese, under the leadership of Paulo Dias de Novais, lay the fort of Sao Paulo de Luanda, which later becomes the capital of Angola. Until the middle of the XIX century, the main occupation of the Portuguese in Angola was the slave trade; according to rough estimates, over 300 years, about 5 million people were taken out of the country (mainly to Brazil). Angola as a whole was more connected to Brazil than to the mother country. After the proclamation of the Brazilian Empire, the Angolan colonists more than once expressed their desire to join it.
Queen Zinga is negotiating with the governor. Luanda. 1622.
1641 - Dutch capture of Luanda. Dutch occupation of Angola.
1648 - The Portuguese return Luanda to their control. Dutch troops leave the territory of Angola.
In top left corner is the coat of arms of Portugal.
The coat of arms of Portugal was officially adopted on 30 June 1911, along with the republican flag of Portugal. It is based on the coat of arms used by the Portuguese Kingdom since the Middle Ages.
The Portuguese coat of arms is the result of almost a millennium of modifications and alterations. Starting with Henry of Burgundy blue cross on a silver shield, successive elements were added or taken, culminating with the complex heraldic design that was officially adopted in 1911 (after the Republican Revolution of 1910). The two stripes bear the colours of the Portuguese flag: red and green.
Quinas:
After the official recognition of the Kingdom of Portugal as an independent country in 1143 (it had been declared in 1139), silver bezants were added to the Burgundian flag, symbolising coins and the right the monarch had to issue currency, as leader of a sovereign state. Eventually, and given the enormous dynamism of medieval heraldry, it is believed that the shield degraded and lost some elements in battle, eventually losing the cross format. This is how King Sancho I inherited the shield from his father, Afonso Henriques, with no cross and the quinas (the five escutcheons with the silver bezants) in its place.
Later, the number of silver bezants in each escutcheon would be reduced from eleven to five by King Sebastian I, and modern explanations interpret them as the five wounds of Jesus Christ, although this is highly improbable.
Castles:
It was during the reign of Afonso III that the red border with golden castles (not towers, as some sources state) was added. Although the number of castles could vary between eight to twelve, Afonso IV would define them as twelve and Sebastian I would finally fix them as seven. They supposedly represent the Moorish castles conquered by the Kingdom of Portugal during the Reconquista. Their origin is probably Castilian, but unlike Spanish castles, which usually have their gates coloured blue (hence opened), Portuguese castles were always depicted with gold gates (hence closed). As a matter of fact, Afonso III was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and thus was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother King Sancho II of Portugal. As a second son, the coat of arms of Afonso III included both the arms of his father and the arms of his mother Urraca of Castile, thus the Castillan red border with golden castillan castles, around the Portuguese shield inherited from his father.
Armillary sphere:
An important element of Portuguese heraldry since the XV century, the armillary sphere was many times used in Portuguese colonial flags, mainly in Brazil. It was a navigation instrument used to calculate distances and represents the importance of Portugal during the Age of Discovery, as well as the vastness of its colonial empire when the First Republic was implemented.
Although it is commonly used as a "republican" element, as opposed to the monarchist crown in the blue/white flag (see Flag of Portugal), some monarchist flags, such as the flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, already depicted armillary spheres. The incorporation of the armillary sphere into the 1816 flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal is related to the adoption of the first flag of the Kingdom of Brazil, an armillary sphere on a blue background.
The coat of arms sported different crowns during imperial rule of Portuguese and foreign crowns:
Pre mid-1500s the coat of arms had an open imperial crown,
Crown of the House of Habsburg,
Various crowns of the House of Braganza (1640-1817),
Crown of João VI (1817-1910).
Denominations in numerals are in 3 corners and centered, in words centered.
Revers:
Centered, between 2 columns, is The waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus).
It is a large antelope, found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus Kobus of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. The thirteen subspecies are grouped under two varieties: the common or ellipsen waterbuck and the defassa waterbuck. The head-and-body length is typically between 177-235 cm. (70-93 in.) and the average height is between 120 and 136 cm. (47 and 54 in.). A sexually dimorphic antelope, males are taller as well as heavier than females. Males reach approximately 127 cm. (50 in.) at the shoulder, while females reach 119 cm. (47 in.). Males typically weigh 198-262 kg. (437-578 lb.) and females 161-214 kg. (355-472 lb.). The coat colour varies from brown to grey. The long, spiral horns, present only on males, curve backward, then forward and are 55-99 cm. (22-39 in.) long.
Waterbuck are rather sedentary in nature. A gregarious animal, the waterbuck may form herds consisting of six to 30 individuals. These groups are either nursery herds with females and their offspring or bachelor herds. Males start showing territorial behaviour from the age of five years, but are most dominant from the age of six to nine. The waterbuck can not tolerate dehydration in hot weather, and thus inhabits areas close to sources of water. Predominantly a grazer, the waterbuck is mostly found on grassland. In equatorial regions, breeding takes place throughout the year, but births are at their peak in the rainy season. The gestational period lasts for seven to eight months, followed by the birth of a single calf.
Waterbuck inhabit scrub and savanna areas along rivers, lakes and valleys. Due to their requirement for grasslands as well as water, the waterbuck have a sparse ecotone distribution. The IUCN lists the waterbuck as being of Least Concern. More specifically, the common waterbuck is listed as of Least Concern while the defassa waterbuck is Near Threatened. The population trend for both the common and defassa waterbuck is downwards, especially that of the latter, with large populations being eliminated from certain habitats because of hunting and human disturbance. 
Denominations in numerals, surrounded by acanthus leaves, are on right and left sides. Lower in words.
Comments:
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