5 Pounds 1974, Israel
| in Krause book | Number: 34b |
| Years of issue: | 03.1974 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | Governor Bank of Israel: David Horowitz, Chairman Advisory Council: Yehuda Chorin |
| Serie: | The third series of Israeli lira 1968 |
| Specimen of: | 1968 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 150 x 75 |
| Printer: | Joh. Enschede en Zonen, Haarlem |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
Albert Einstein.
Avers:
In the center of the banknote there is an image of an atom.
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time. Einstein is known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are together the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc², which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius".
In 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers besides his work at the Swiss patent office in Bern, Switzerland. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass-energy equivalence. Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. He then extended the theory to gravitational fields; he published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. However, for much of the later part of his career, he worked on two ultimately unsuccessful endeavors. First, despite his great contributions to quantum mechanics, he opposed what it evolved into, objecting that nature "does not play dice". Second, he attempted to devise a unified field theory by generalizing his geometric theory of gravitation to include electromagnetism. As a result, he became increasingly isolated from the mainstream of modern physics.
Einstein was born in the German Empire, but moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg) the following year. In 1897, at the age of 17, he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss Federal polytechnic school (later renamed as ETH Zurich) in Zürich, he graduated in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. In 1914, Einstein moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin, and to direct the 1917 created Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again – Prussian this time. In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power. Einstein did not return to Germany because he objected to the policies of the newly elected Nazi-led government. He settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommending that the US begin similar research. Einstein supported the Allies, but he generally denounced the idea of nuclear weapons. 
The denomination "Five Israeli Pounds" and "Bank of Israel" in Hebrew.
Revers:
Nuclear Research Center reactor Nahal Sorek, 1960.
The Soreq Nuclear Research Center is a research and development institute situated near the localities of Palmachim and Yavne in Israel. It operates under the auspices of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC). The center conducts research in various physical sciences, particularly the development of many kinds of sensors, lasers, atmospheric research, non-destructive testing techniques, space environment, nuclear safety, medical diagnostics and nuclear medicine. Soreq also produces various types of radiopharmaceuticals for use by health care organizations throughout the country.
Some of the institute's research facilities include an AMF 5 MW pool-type light water nuclear reactor supplied in the late 1950s from the United States under the Atoms for Peace program and a 10 MeV proton cyclotron accelerator, as well as extensive laboratory and testing facilities. Currently under construction is a 5-40 MeV, 0.04-5 mA proton and deuteron superconducting linear accelerator scheduled for commissioning in 2013.
The center is named after the nearby stream of Soreq.
The center operates under the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
In 1952, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion established the Israel Atomic Energy Commission, for the purpose of encouraging Israeli nuclear research and development.
In 1955, President of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, announced the "Atoms for Peace" program, which enabled a number of countries around the world to acquire nuclear research reactors, and offered reactor purchase grants.
In February 1956 an Israeli delegation traveled to the U.S. in order to select a reactor model for purchase. After considering various possibilities, the "swimming pool-type" reactor manufactured by AMF was selected.
At the recommendation of the Committee for Evaluating Environmental Risks of Atomic Plants, established in 1956 upon the delegation's return, it was decided to build the future reactor in the sands of Nahal Soreq, in the Palmachim region (Nabi Rubin).
The SNRC reactor was built as a means for acquiring knowledge in the field of nuclear research – building a technological infrastructure and training teams of scientists, engineers, and technicians who, when the time came, could engage in developing nuclear knowledge and introduce its uses into research, industry, medicine, agriculture, and energy production in Israel.
The reactor's establishment by the Israel Atomic Energy Commission stood at the foundation of the Soreq Nuclear Research Center, its facilities and extensive activities. This is an important milestone in Israel's history, a combination of a vision and creating "something out of nothing". The Center's scientific and technological activity has expanded over the years and turned to new directions including radiation safety, electro-optics & lasers, development of advanced materials, nuclear medicine, and the SARAF particle accelerator. These activities position the SNRC at the forefront of research and development in Israel and worldwide and are a source of great pride to the founding generation. (soreq.gov.il)
Comments:
In the mid-1960s the ½ Lira and 1 Lira banknotes of Series II had been replaced by coins, and soon thereafter the need arose for a higher-denomination note of 100 Lirot. Therefore, a new series featuring portraits of prominent personalities in the history of the Jewish people, was introduced as from early 1969, Series II of the Lira.
Banknotes with a black serial number were put into circulation on January 13, 1972, with a red one in March 1974.
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