20 Kina 2008. 35 years to the Bank 1973-2008, Papua New Guinea
| in Krause book | Number: 36a |
| Years of issue: | 2009 |
| Edition: | 3 000 000 |
| Signatures: | Governor: Leonard Wilson Kamit, Secretary Department of Treasury: Simon Tosali |
| Serie: | Commemorative issue |
| Specimen of: | 2008 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 150 x 75 |
| Printer: | TDLR (Thomas de la Rue & Company), London |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
Logo of the bank of Papua New Guinea - stylized Raggiana bird-of-paradise, abbreviation "BPNG" - Bank of Papua New Guinea and cornerstones.
Avers:
On left side is the emblem of of Papua New Guinea.
The national emblem of Papua New Guinea consists of a Raggiana bird-of-paradise over a traditional spear from Torichelli mountains region and a carved "hour glass" drum Kundu (typical for the Highlands and the yearly Goroka Show). Designed by Hal Holman, an Australian artist working for the Papuan government, Holman was also involved in the design of the National flag. Both the emblem and the flag was accepted by the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea and signed into law as the National Identity Ordinance by the Administrator Sir Leslie Johnson on 24 June 1971. The ordinance came into effect after its publication in the Papua New Guinea Gazette of 1 July 1971. 
The Raggiana bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea raggiana), also known as Count Raggi's bird-of-paradise, is a large bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae.
It is distributed widely in southern and northeastern New Guinea, where its name is kumul. It is also known as cenderawasih. As requested by Count Luigi Maria D'Albertis, the epithet raggiana commemorates the Marquis Francis Raggi of Genoa.
The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is the national bird of Papua New Guinea. In 1971 this species, as Gerrus paradisaea, was made the national emblem and was included on the national flag. "The Kumuls" ("birds-of-paradise" in Tok Pisin) is also the nickname of the country's national rugby league team.
The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is 34 centimeters (13 in.) long. Its overall colour is a maroon-brown, with a greyish-blue bill, yellow iris and greyish-brown feet. The male has a yellow crown, dark emerald-green throat and yellow collar between the throat and its blackish upper breast feathers. It is adorned with a pair of long black tail wires and large flank plumes. The male has the long tail feather while the female does not.. The female is a comparatively drab maroonish-brown bird. The ornamental flank plumes vary from red to orange in color, depending on subspecies. The nominate subspecies, P. r. raggiana, has the deepest red plumes, while the subspecies P. r. augustavictoriae of northeast New Guinea, also known as the Empress of Germany's bird of paradise, has apricot-orange plumes.
Kundu - carved "hour glass" drum (typical for the Highlands and the yearly Goroka Show).
It is carved, wooden, hour-glass shape drum. It has a single vertically attached handle at waist along with 3 carved openwork flanges, also at waist. Incised "spiral-eye" motifs incised on triangular crests which extend above and below the waist area. The waist band area is incised with a panel of fringed eyes and a band of meandering snake and diamond motifs. The drum is capped with dried reptile skin.
The Goroka Show is a well-known tribal gathering and cultural event in Papua New Guinea. It is a Sing-sing held every year close to the country's Independence Day (16 September) in the town of Goroka, the capital of the Eastern Highlands Province. About 100 tribes arrive to show their music, dance and culture. The festival started in the mid-1950s as an initiative of Australian Kiaps. In recent years it has become a major attraction for both national and international tourists and remains the largest cultural event in Papua New Guinea despite similar shows now being organised in Mount Hagen and other cities around the country.
Ceremonial spears of the tribes from Torricelli mountains region (north-west of Papua New Guinea).
In the very north of Port Moresby, there is the Waigani district, where most government offices are located. Very beautifully the modern Parliament building (1984), which was built in the national style and looks like a typical house for spirits culture.
The background tints consist of lineal patterns incorporating various items of interest from different
areas of Papua New Guinea. The following articles have been included in the overall design: Arm band decorations from the Manus Island. Decoration from a Kap Kap ornament from Manus Island. Decoration from Pottery of the Sepik area. Decoration from a "Spirit Board" of the Sepik area. A Decoration from a mask of the Sepik area. Shield decoration from a canoe Prow from the Milne Bay area.
Areas of design associated with decoration from the Highlands. Part of a ceremonial Tubuan head-dress from the New Britain area.
The local art form patterns surrounding the value numerals represent an impressionist lineal pattern of a pig.
In the lower left corner is the logo of the Bank of Papua New Guinea - a stylized Raggiana bird-of-paradise - and a commemorative inscription 1973-2008 (35 years to the Bank of the country).
Denomination in numeral is in top right corner. In words - also in top right corner.
Revers:
The wild boar or pig.
The colonisation of New Guinea by humans (Homo sapiens) occurred at least 40,000 years ago. Since their original colonisation, many mammals have been introduced both by accident, and on purpose. The wild boar (Sus scrofa) was introduced to New Guinea at least 6,000 years ago, though may have been introduced 12,000 years ago. It is abundant throughout the island, and more common in areas where humans grow sweet potato as their primary food source. The wild boar is a large forager, and disturbs the forest floor whilst looking for food. This disturbance may have an effect on the native flora and fauna.
Pigs play a very important role among the people of Papua (former Dutch New Guinea), and especially so among those living in the Central Highlands. Apart from pigs and deer, originally brought in by the Europeans, there are not many mammals on this island. The wild pigs in Papua are similar to those in Dutch national park, but they are skinnier.
Pigs are not only bred for their meat, but they also represent social values and have even become a status symbol. The more pigs an individual has, the more pigs he can give away, leading to bigger feasts and a higher social status. The killing of pigs is also tied to important events such as cremation, marriage and initiation rites. Pigs are still the main dowry in exchange for women.
At the Wissel Lakes, a Dutch attempt to cross pigs from Holland with local ones almost ended up in a disaster. From 1961 to 1969 the Franciscan Sibbele Hylkema lived among the Ngalum in the Star Mountains and a former district officer H.L. Peters lived among the Dani from 1959 to 1964. Both men observed, among other things, the role of pigs in Papua society and wrote about this. (www.papuaerfgoed.org)
Near the boar is Toea armband from Central Province.
This Conus arm-shell, toea, was traditionally so valuable, that it was used as a form of currency. Toea would have been traded from the Motu people in exchange for Sago during the Hiri Motu annual trade. Professor C. G. Seligman in: âeoeThe Melanesians of British New Guinea âe (1910, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, p.93) states: âeoe arm-shells, toea, as they are called by the Motu, are traded from the Port Moresby district westward to the Gulf of Papua. Among the Motu and Koita, near Port Moresby , they are highly valued, and nowadays attain very high prices, much more than is paid for the same article among the Massim.âe Hiri Motu: a simplified form of the Motu language was used for communication between the traders. Hiri trade cycle: Hiri is the name for the traditional trade voyages that formed an important part of the culture of the Motu people of Papua New Guinea . Items used for Trade: · Toea (Motuan shell money) Sago (Main item) & betel nuts by Gulf villagers Material: Conus Shell Diameter: 7.8 cm. Height: 2.8 cm.
A Crowrie shell necklace from Madang area and shell ornament peculiar to the Western Province.
The background tints incorporate lineal patterns based on actual designs of various items as follows: Designs taken from a Mount Hagen axe and shield from the Highlands; Designs taken from Tapa cloth from the Northern Province; Designs from a Kap Kap of the Manus area; Decorations from a Shield from the Gulf area; Decorations from a "Food Hok" from the Milne Bay area; Design typical of the Central Province. (www.banknotes.com).
Denomination in numeral is in top left corner.
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