5000 Dobras 2013, Sao Tome e Principe
| in Krause book | Number: 65d |
| Years of issue: | 31.12.2013 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | Ministro do Plano e Finanças: Hélio Silva Vaz de Almeida, Governadora do Banco Central: Maria do Carmo Trovoada Pires de Carvalho Silveira |
| Serie: | 2013 Issue |
| Specimen of: | 1996 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 130 х 67 |
| Printer: | TDLR (Thomas de la Rue & Company), London |
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Description
Watermark:
Rei Amador.
Avers:
Rei Amador was a member of the king of the Angolars and leader of a famous slave rebellion that took place in 1595 in the African islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. According to some historic documents, Rei Emadir was "a slave" who avoided slavery and mobilized all the Angolares along with other Africans and made a free nation under the middle of the mentioned islands.
The Angolars inhabited the south of the island of São Tomé, there are different versions on the history.
The first source on the Angolars, which were African slaves where brought from the mainland, probably from Angola who survived a shipwreck that happened about 2–3 miles (4 km.) in the south coast of São Tomé Island. Another version was that the Angolars were African slaves who had evaded their owners around 1470, when the Portuguese discovered the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe and have created their own free nation within the islands called Kilombo or Quilombo. The name Kilombo or Quilombo derives from (Kimbundo one of the most spoken Bantu languages in Angola), it can mean a settlement kingdom, population and union. Kilombo was an independent nation made by African slaves, who fought against slavery, once they fled, build their independent state with the system of slavery, The Kilombos, in general were localized in its regions densely forested, far from the plantations.
A third version, was that the Angolars were Africans which were immigrated from the mainland to the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, long before the arrivals of the Portuguese into the islands. However, the very particular remains inhistory of the Angolars and their reign in São Tomé and Príncipe are part of a history of self-determination and independence carried out by Rei Amador.
On 9 July 1595, Rei Amador, and his people, the Angolars, allied with other enslaved Africans of its plantations, marched into the interior woods and battled against the Portuguese. It is said that day, Rei Amador and his followers raised a flag in front of the settlers and proclaimed Rei Amador as king of São Tomé and Príncipe, making himself as "Rei Amador, liberator of all the black people".
Between 1595 and 1596, the island of São Tomé was ruled by the Angolars, under the command of Rei Amador. On 4 January 1596, he was captured, sent to prison and was later executed by the Portuguese. Still today, they remember him fondly and consider him a national hero of the islands. 
On foreground is the Papa Figo bird (Lamprotornis ornatus) - endemic of São Tomé and Príncipe.
30 cm., 130 g. Large, iridescent starling with medium-length tail.
Diet apparently fruit, with some animal food. Fruit taken includes bananas, Ficus, Dacryodes and berries of Dracaena. (www.hbw.com)
Behind the bird is the tree from Dacryodes family - the Papa Figo bird eat the fruits of that tree.
Dacryodes is a genus of about 60 species of trees in the family Burseraceae. The generic name is from the Greek dakruon meaning "tear(drop)", referring to how resin droplets form on the bark surface.
Dacryodes species grow as small to medium-sized trees. Their bark is smooth to scaly with pale sapwood. Flowers are unisexual. The fruits feature a fleshy and thick pericarp. The fruit of D. rostrata is considered edible in Borneo.
Dacryodes species grow naturally in tropical America, Africa and Asia. The habitats range from lowland to submontane forests from sea-level to 1,500 meters (5,000 ft.) altitude.
Centered, above is the coat of arms.
The coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe consists of a red-footed falcon on the left and a grey parrot on the right holding a coat of arms with a palm in its center. The coat of arms is surmounted by a blue star. Above, there is a band that states the name of the country. At the base of the arms the national motto, "Unity, discipline, work" is inscribed.
Revers:
Agostinho Neto is a settlement in Lobata District on São Tomé Island, in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 992 (2012 census). It lies 1.5 km. southeast of Guadalupe and 2.5 km. west of Conde.
After São Tomé and Príncipe became independent in 1975, the settlement was named after the founding father of Angola, Agostinho Neto. The settlement grew around the plantation complex Roça Rio do Ouro, established in 1865. It is one of the most impressive agricultural structures in the country. There is a museum in the former mansion.
The word "Roça" is to be pronounced « raw sa ». It is the equivalent of Fazenda (Brasil) and Hacienda (Spanish speaking countries). During the 19th and 20th centuries, when São Tomé was an important producer of cocoa and coffee beans, there were up to 150 roças in activity on the island.
The roças were farms created by the Portuguese, usually with a centralized management, and dedicated to the culture of one kind of plantation (sugar cane in the XVI, and cocoa and coffee in since the XVIII century).
The biggest roças could employ few thousand people and have there own churches, hospital, and train tracks. They were autonomous in food production, and provided housing for the workers. The first workers were slaves coming from Central African countries, and after the abolishment of slavery, then they became contracted workers.
São Tomé, a former Portuguese colony, gained its independence in 1975, and most Portuguese left, abandoning the farms. Later, a generous « land distribution » plan was enacted by the local government, and small portions of land and housing were given to the people living there.
Generally speaking, the term « roça » has quite a few definitions, for example:
1. it describes the farm and its location
2. it describes the production system (saotome-paradise.com)
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