1000 Pesos 2018, Argentina
| no number in katalog | - |
| Years of issue: | 2018 |
| Edition: | |
| Signatures: | Presidente del Banco Central de la República Argentina: Luis Caputo, Presidente H.C. Diputados: Emilio Monzó |
| Serie: | Argentina’s Fauna |
| Specimen of: | 01.12.2017 |
| Material: | Cotton fiber |
| Size (mm): | 155 х 65 |
| Printer: | Casa de Moneda de la Nación, Buenos Aires |
* All pictures marked 
are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.
** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.
Description
Watermark:
The rufous hornero (Furnarius rufus) and electrotype 1000.
About the rufous hornero, please read the description of the obverse.
Avers:
On foreground is The rufous hornero - the national bird of Argentina.
The rufous hornero (Furnarius rufus) is a medium-sized ovenbird in the family Furnariidae. It occurs in eastern South America, and is the national bird in Argentina. Also known as the red ovenbird, it is common in savannas, second-growth scrub, pastures and agricultural land and is synanthropic. Its range includes southeastern and southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern and central Argentina, extending as far south as northern Patagonia. The species is most closely related to the crested hornero of Paraguay and Argentina. There are four accepted subspecies.
The rufous hornero is medium-sized with a square tail and very slightly decurved bill. The plumage is overall reddish brown with a dull brown crown and a whitish throat. Sexes are alike and juvenile birds are slightly paler below (probably because they are cleaner). Rufous horneros feed on insects and other arthropods obtained by foraging on the ground while walking. They sometimes feed on scraps such as bread crumbs. Songs in the rufous hornero are sexually distinct. The rapid trill that is usually heard as part of the duet is faster in the male, slower in the female, and both beat their wings at their sides while singing and the wings beat at the same rate as their trill. Thus, while watching an observer may identify the sex by how fast their wings beat while singing.
In Argentina, it is found in the northeast, in the Pampa. 
The background of the banknote resembles the natural environment province La Pampa, where the rufous hornero is most common. In the upper quadrant: images of traces of the rufous hornero in several directions, as a symbol of multiplicity, and decorative sunflowers on both edges, which is abundantly grown in the pampa. Historically, Argentina, being the fourth largest sunflower producer in the world, exports mainly its processed products. At the same time for sale is half, or even more, produced sunflower oil and meal.
In the upper part, on the left, “M” means the denomination of the banknote, in roman numeral.
Since the Bank of Argentina does not give information on which particular flowers are shown on the banknote, I dare to make some assumptions. Thank so much to Olga, from Russia, for help in search of the flowers.
On the banknote, above, the flowers of The blanket flower (Gaillardia cabrerae, Margarita pampeana) - the endemic of La Pampa.
Gaillardia (common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after an M. Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was a patron of botany. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies. Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
These are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, sometimes with rhizomes. The stem is usually branching and erect to a maximum height around 80 centimeters (31.5 inches). The leaves are alternately arranged. Some taxa have only basal leaves. They vary in shape. They are glandular in most species. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head. The head can have 15 or more ray florets, while some taxa lack any ray florets. They can be almost any shade of yellow, orange, red, purplish, brown, white, or bicolored. They are sometimes rolled into a funnel shape. There are many tubular disc florets at the center of the head in a similar range of colors, and usually tipped with hairs. The fruit usually has a pappus of scales.
Denomination in words is on top. In numerals are in three corners.
Revers:
On the right - again, flowers of Gaillardia cabrerae and paw prints of a rufous hornero.
To the left of the coat of arms of Argentina is a wind rose, showing the direction — the East — as the habitat area of the rufous hornero on a map of Argentina.
In the center is a map of Argentina and darkened areas on it, meaning areas of rufous horneros habitat, today. Shaded areas (Actually, whole Argentina) - is the territory of residence of the rufous hornero more than 100 years ago.
The map of Argentina shows, in addition to the continental part, the eastern part of the island of Tierra del Fuego (the western part belongs to Chile), the Falklands or the Malvinas Islands (which belong to Great Britain, but Argentina considers them its territory) and, in a rectangle, the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea, in Antarctica, which Argentina also considers its territory.
The main image of the banknote is a view of the Argentine Pampa (Leanura pampeana).
The Pampas occupy the northeastern part of Argentina and the neighboring territories of Uruguay, as well as the southernmost tip of Brazil, mainly in the subtropical zone. Extensive loess plains located between 30 ° and 40 ° S. and forming the physiographic region of Pampa, stretch to the south of Chaco and southeast of the mountains of the Sierras de Cordoba, calling in Argentina in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Cordoba, San Luis and La Pampa, including area of the mouth of the Rio Plata. In the west, the pampas are bounded by the Andes, and in the east by the Atlantic Ocean. To the north of the pampa is the savanna of the Gran Chaco. Pampa covers an area of about 50 million hectares (Garbulsky, Deregibus, 2004), between isotherms 2 ° C and 13 ° C.
Pampa occupies about 900 thousand km2 between the latitudes of 28 ° and 39 ° S. and longitudes of 50 ° and 65 ° W. - This is the extreme southeast of the Inner Plains of South America, between the rivers of Rio Salado and Rio Colorado. These vast plains are broken by several low mountain ranges - the highest peak of 1300 meters in the Sierra de la Ventana - located north of Bahia Blanca.
The plains are composed of a thick stratum (up to 300 m) of loose sediments brought by the wind or laid by rivers. These sediments occur on the surface of an ancient hilly relief, composed of granites and other ancient rocks. To the valley of the river. Paraná and the Gulf of La Plata, the plain of the Pampa is cut off by a steep ledge about 30 meters high, which can be traced from Rosario to the mouth. From the ledge to the west, the surface of the plain gradually rises, reaching 150 m. At a distance of 200 km. from the river and 400 m. at the foot of the Sierras de Cordoba. However, south of Rosario, the surface of the plain gently descends to the marshy depressions along the r. Rio Salado. Further to the south and southwest stretch wavy plains with areas of marshes in shallow depressions. In the most part of the region, so-called loess prevails - a thin material laid by the wind and not containing large debris. (ukhtoma.ru .rus)
On background is the tree Prosopis caldenia - endemic of La-Pampa, Argentina.
Prosopis caldenia, commonly known as the caldén, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, The tree is endemic to subtropical regions of Argentina. It thrives in sandy and arid soil and resists drought, developing an extremely deep root system. The leaves of this tree are pinnately compound, deciduous, alternate and small. Its foliage is tortuous, with conical spines arranged in pairs at the nodes.
To the right of the Pampa and the Prosopis caldenia is a tree trunk with a long branch. On the branch sits rufous hornero, near his nest.
There are 2 types of flowers under the tree - again Gaillardia Cabrera (as on the obverse) and Ipomoea purpurea or Ipomoea alba L. (Ipomea white).
Ipomoea purpurea, the common morning-glory, tall morning-glory, or purple morning glory, is a species in the genus Ipomoea, native to Mexico and Central America. Like all morning glories the plant entwines itself around structures, growing to a height of 2-3 meters (6 ft. 7 in–9 ft. 10 in.) tall. The leaves are heart-shaped and the stems are covered with brown hairs. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, predominantly blue to purple or white, and 3-6 centimeters (1.2-2.4 in.) diameter.
Ipomoea alba L. - The White Ipomea. Perennial liana with large fragrant white flowers.
On the left, on the banknote, is a small chick of The rufous hornero is shown, as a symbol of the survival of the species.
There is an assumptionб that the chick is sitting in the grass Paspalum distichum.
Paspalum distichum is a species of grass. Common names include knotgrass, water finger-grass, couch paspalum, eternity grass, gingergrass, and Thompson grass. Its native range is obscure because it has long been present on most continents, and in most areas it is certainly an introduced species. Its native range probably includes parts of the tropical Americas.
This is a perennial grass forming clumps and spreading via rhizomes and stolons. It grows decumbent or erect to a maximum height near 60 centimeters. The inflorescence is usually divided into two branches lined with spikelets.
Paspalum distichum is a food source for several avian species, including the long-tailed widowbird. (howlingpixel.com)
On left side, near serial number are the flowers of Erythrina crista-galli.
Erythrina crista-galli, often known as the cockspur coral tree, is a flowering tree in the family Fabaceae, native to Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil and Paraguay. It is widely planted as a street or garden tree in other countries, notably in California. It is known by several common names within South America: ceibo, seíbo (Spanish), corticeira (Portuguese) and the more ambiguous bucaré, to name a few. Its specific epithet crista-galli means "cock's comb" in Latin.
The ceibo is the national tree of Argentina, and its flower the national flower of Argentina and Uruguay.
This species characteristically grows wild in gallery forest ecosystems along watercourses, as well as in swamps and wetlands. In urban settings, it is often planted in parks for its bright red flowers.
In top right corner is the coat of arms of Argentina.
The coat of arms of the Argentine Republic (Escudo de la República Argentina) was established in its current form in 1944, but has its origins in the seal of the General Constituent Assembly of 1813.
It is unknown who designed the coat of arms. It is often mentioned that there were three men involved: Alvear, Monteagudo, and Vieytes, but it is known that a few years before, President Bernardino Rivadavia asked the Peruvian Antonio Isidoro Castro to create an Argentine coat of arms; however, the two schemes have never been found.
The coat of arms is a figure, in which at the top we find the gold-yellowed Sun of May, also found on the flag of Argentina. The rising sun symbolizes the rising of Argentina, as described in the first version of the Argentine National Anthem, se levanta a la faz de la tierra una nueva y gloriosa nación, meaning "a new and glorious nation rises to the surface of the Earth". It must be noticed how the verb "rise", and so in Spanish, can be used to describe the motion of the Sun.
In the center ellipse there are two shaking hands, connoting the unity of the provinces of Argentina. The hands come together to hold a pike, which represents power and willingness to defend freedom, epitomized by the Phrygian cap on the top of the spear.
The blue and white colors are symbols of the Argentine people and the same colors of the Argentine flag. The blue half of the ellipse symbolizes the sky and the white one denotes the Río de la Plata.
The hands are flesh coloured and stand for friendship, peace, unity, and brotherhood. The pike is brown (wooden), and the Phrygian cap is red, like the traditional French liberty cap. The proximity of the hands and the Phrygian cap, in addition to their individual meanings, represent the national motto of Argentina, en unión y libertad ("in unity and freedom"), and illustrate the idea that in unity (the hands) there is power (the pike), and in power there is freedom (the Phrygian cap).
The Phrygian cap was typically worn by the inhabitants of Phrygia, in the Anatolian peninsula, and is commonly mistaken for being a Pileus. The Pileus was a hat that in ancient Rome became a symbol of freed slaves, who were touched by their owners with a wooden pike before setting them free.
Laurel is another classical symbol. At the end of the ancient Olympic Games (and also the 2004 Summer Olympics), the winner was given a laurel crown, and since then it has symbolized triumph and glory.
Denominations in numerals are in lower right and top left corners.
Comments:
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