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5 Schilling 1945. 1951 Issue, Austria

in Krause book Number: 126
Years of issue: 1951
Edition: --
Signatures: Generalrat: Karl Honai, Präsident: Dr. Hans Rizzi, Generaldirektor: Dr. Franz Bartsch
Serie: 1949 - 1954 Issues
Specimen of: 01.07.1927
Material: Cotton fiber
Size (mm): 110 х 64
Printer: Oesterreichische Banknoten und Sicherheitsdruck, Wien

* All pictures marked magnify are increased partially by magnifying glass, the remaining open in full size by clicking on the image.

** The word "Specimen" is present only on some of electronic pictures, in accordance with banknote images publication rules of appropriate banks.

5 Schilling 1945. 1951 Issue

Description

Watermark:

5 Schilling 1951Not as watermarked, but drawed symbols are presented on paper.

Avers:

5 Schilling 1945. 1951 Issue

Frame of pattern across the field of banknote. On top is the band of stylized flowers.

Now, about the portrait on the banknote:

There is information, confirmed by Austrian Museum of money, that this banknote bears the portrait of Dr. Hans Brücke.

After searching in the Austrian Internet, I came to the conclusion, that we are talking about the University Professor, Dr. Hans von Brücke - he has the most suitable age and visually similar, assuming as he looked at a young age.

I wrote on the subject (about this person) to Austrian money museum, in Vienna and got the answer from Mr. Michael Grundner, to whom I am very thankful for the picture and info.

Here's what he wrote:

"...Leider kann ich Ihnen nicht mit hundertprozentiger Sicherheit sagen ob es sich wirklich um dieselbe Person handelt. Auszuschließen ist es wohl nicht, dass sich die Familien Sterrer und Brücke gekannt haben könnten, beweisen wird allerdings schwierig. Auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Zirkel und Studium würde ich nicht zu viel geben. Carl Sterrer wird einfach einen jungen Mann für sein Banknotenmotiv gebraucht haben und diesen um es zum Erzbergmotiv auf der Rückseite passend zu machen mit Zirkel ausgestattet haben. Genauso wie in der Kunst oft Frauen mit Kronen dargestellt werden ohne selbst Königinnen zu sein und nur als Allegorien dienen. Die Idee hinter der Banknotenserie war eine breite Streuung für Österreich damals wichtiger Bereiche (Wissenschaft, Technik, Landwirtschaft, Gewerbe, Tourismus) und auch seine Sehenswürdigkeiten darzustellen. Die Banknoten sollten, ähnlich wie Briefmarken der Identitätsstiftung und gleichzeitig als Werbeträger fungieren...".

In English:

"... Unfortunately, I can not tell you with one hundred per cent certainty whether it is really the same person, but it is likely, that the families Sterrer and Brücke had some connections, in same time it is difficult to prove. About the compass in his hands - I would not give too much attention to that. Karl Sterrer just needed a young man for his banknotes motif and have to make some connection between this motif and mountain Erzberg on the back, though he "gave" a compass to younger man. Just as in art often women, presented on Austrian Crowns, represented just allegories.

The idea behind the series of banknotes was to present Austrian important economic areas at that time - science, technology, agriculture, trade, tourism. As well as its famous sights. The banknotes, as stamps, should emphasize the countries identity and be some kind of advertising medium ... ".

Despite this, I will make the assumption, that on banknote is this man:

5 Schilling 1951 5 Schilling 1951Hans Brücke was born in Leipzig, Germany, in the Silvester night 1905/06 and came from one of the most respected scholarly families in Austria. After attending the Elite school, in Salem in Baden-Württemberg, he completed the medical school in Innsbruck. After his doctorate in 1929, Brücke worked for one year as a Fellow in Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, and in 1931 joined the 1st Surgical Clinic in Vienna as an operating surgeon. During these years, he received the basic attitude of an ambitious medical profession, which served him as an indispensable guideline for a lifetime. After further positions at the 2nd Women's Clinic of Innsbruck and the Surgical Clinic in Graz, he headed a large air-force unit as a staff physician and chief surgeon. During this time Bridge was the first in the German-speaking area, which operated an open Botalli duct, in Brussels, during the war, for the girl from Military Air News service. In 1947 he finally returned to the Surgical Clinic of Graz as an assistant to the Institute. The following years were his most scientifically most fruitful. In 1950, Brücke became a primary school in Mürzzuschlag, and from 1959 he became a primary physician in the newly built "LKH Wagna". Until his retirement in 1972, he served as a board member of the Surgical Department as well as the Medical Director of the "LKH Leoben". Here the conversion to the center of gravity hospital was one of its main tasks.

Also in retirement, Univ. Prof. Brücke carried out numerous investigations and work. The basic work on the new preparation Lysthenon for muscle relaxation in anesthesia was the first of its kind. His persevering diligence and his imagination gave him several surgical instruments, such as, Special bone chisels. On January 28, 2000, Univ. Prof. Dr. Hans of Bridge. He was one of the most important and widely respected representatives of the Grazer surgeon generation. He was a man and a doctor, a surgeon and a scientist. (www.gsund.net .ger)

герб

On background is the coat of arms of Austria.

The current coat of arms of Austria, albeit without the broken chains, has been in use by the Republic of Austria since 1919. Between 1934 and the German annexation in 1938 Austria used a different coat of arms, which consisted of a double-headed eagle. The establishment of the Second Republic in 1945 saw the return of the original (First Republic) arms, with broken chains added to symbolise Austria's liberation.

The blazon of the Federal Arms of the Republic of Austria reads:

Gules a fess Argent, escutcheon on the breast of an eagle displayed Sable, langued Gules, beaked Or, crowned with a mural crown of three visible merlons Or, armed Or, dexter talon holding sickle, sinister talon holding hammer, both talons shackled with chain broken Argent.

The symbols and emblems used in the Austrian arms are as follows:

The Eagle: Austria's sovereignty (introduced 1919)

The escutcheon Emblem of Austria (late Middle Ages, reintroduced 1915)

The mural crown: The middle class (introduced 1919)

The sickle: Agriculture (introduced 1919)

The Hammer: Industry (introduced 1919)

The broken chains: Liberation from National Socialist dictatorship (added 1945).

Denominations in numerals are repeating on background of banknote and on right and left sides. In words centered.

Revers:

5 Schilling 1945. 1951 Issue

Frame of pattern.

5 Schilling 1951 5 Schilling 1951 5 Schilling 1951The Erzberg mine is a large open-pit mine located in Eisenerz, Styria, in the central-western part of Austria, 60 km. north-west of Graz and 260 km. south-west of the capital, Vienna. Erzberg represents the largest iron ore reserves in Austria, having estimated reserves of 235 million tonnes of ore. The mine produces around 2,153,000 tonnes of iron ore per year. It is also the site of the annual Erzberg Rodeo hard enduro race.

The "Steirische Erzberg" iron ore deposit is located 60 km NNW of the city of Graz in the province of Styria. Mining took place since Roman time. In the XVI century underground mining started, which was closed down in 1986. Since the XVIII century open pit mining activities increased, which are still underway. Since the beginning of mining activity about 230 million t. of iron ore have been mined at the Erzberg; 200 million t. in this century. There are still 140 million t. of recoverable and another 95 million t. of geological reserves left.

The Erzberg is the biggest iron ore open pit mine in central Europe. Mining activities encompass the whole mountain, which rises about 700 meters above the bottom of the valley up to 1400 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 6,5 km2. Mining is done in about 30 levels with an height of 24 meters. The annual production is approximately 3 million tons of iron ore with an iron content of 21%. Main ore minerals are siderite, ankerite and ferrous dolomite. Accessory minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, tetraedrite and cinnabar.

The open pit mine can be subdivided into different areas with regard to specific land use conditions:

Areas of active mining

abandoned mining areas

mining dumps and waste heaps in use

old mining dumps and waste heaps

tailings ponds

areas unaffected by mining activities

Active mining areas exhibit fresh rock surfaces of different lithologies. Abandoned mining areas comprise weathered rocks of different types covered by vegetation of different intensity and condition. Dumps and heaps consist of material of different lithological mixtures, of different grain or block size, at different slope angle. Depending on their status of use heaps and dumps show no vegetation at all or are covered by different types and intensities of vegetation. In tailing ponds fine grained material is deposited.

Mining dumps comprise an area of about 3 km2; 0.6 km2 is used as a test area for mining site landscaping and reforestation in an Alpine environment, and is covered by different types of vegetation. These activities are carried out by a consortium of university institutes and local consulting companies ("Development of standards for the renaturation and recultivation of mining sites and quarries", "Soil reconstruction over alpine mine tailings"). In the framework of these projects a lot of relevant parameters for the reforestation of mining areas in an alpine environment were acquired. (ground composition, grain/block size of material, vegetation type, vegetation stress, ...)

Alpine environment is extremely sensitive regarding the interference in the natural ecosystem. Open pits, mining dumps, and tailing dams are a severe degradation of the environment. Due to the specific climatic and topographic conditions in an Alpine environment nature's self-healing capabilities are considerably reduced. As in this area the economy relies on tourism to a considerable extent, human support is needed to minimise the negative effects of mining activities and to speed up the process of mining site re-naturation. (Austrian site: Erzberg mine)

The legend about Wassermann (Vodyanoy):

According to legend, the discovery of iron at the Erzberg deposits to the knowledge of a Wassermann (Vodyanoy). He lived in a grotto, north-west of Eisenerz and was captured by the inhabitants near the Leopoldsteinersee (lake) with the help of a pitch-soaked coat. To buy his freedom again, he offered "gold for ten years, "silver for a hundred years" or "iron for ever". The wise inhabitants chose the iron, upon which the Wassermann showed them the Erzberg. After they had convinced themselves of the ore deposits, they left the Wassermann free, and he disappeared in a karst source, which has since been called "Wassermannsloch" ("Wassermann hole").

On right and left sides are crossed hammers, as symbol of mining.

Denominations in numerals are on right and left sides. In words centered.

Comments:

Obverse designer: Karl Sterrer.

Born 1885 in Vienna, died 1972 in Vienna.

Painter and graphic artist. Son of the sculptor Carl Sterrer. In the First World War he created important posters for war loan advertising. He received numerous national and international awards, including the Rome Prize, the Emperor's Prize and the Reichels preis - in 1953, the great Austrian State Prize. From 1921 - teacher at the Vienna Academy, in 1937/38 - its rector.

Reverse designer: Rudolf Junk.

Born 1880 in Vienna, died 1943 in Rekawinkel, Lower Austria.

Painter and graphic artist. Student of Heinrich Lefler. From 1908 - member of the Hagenbund (teh Union of Austrian artists, established in 1889), in 1911 - its President (Hagenbundpräsident). From 1924 to 1943 - Director of the Institute of "Die Höhere Graphische Bundes-Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt" (College of Graphics), in Vienna. In addition to banknotes, he also designed a series of bonds, stamps and loans for the Austrian government.